Experimental snapshot verification of non-Markovianity by quantum probing of convex coefficients

We apply the recently proposed quantum probing protocols with an unknown system-probe coupling to probe convex coefficients in mixtures of commuting states. By using two reference states instead one as originally suggested, we are able both lower and upper bounds for coefficient. perform extensive analysis roles parameters characterizing double peaked Gaussian frequency spectrum Markovian-to-non-Markovian transition polarization dynamics a single photon. coefficient transition-inducing parameter show that non-Markovianity can be confirmed snapshot measurement qubit performed at time. Furthermore, change ``known'' corresponds our interest even couplings method is precise enough confirm ``known coupling'' would lead non-Markovian dynamics. also how protocol identify Markovian time intervals The results validated single-photon experiments.